There are two ways delicious sencha is produced: a hand rolling process (temomi) and a machine rolling process. Machine rolling was created in order to automate the hand rolling process and almost all sencha tea is processed now by machines. Occasionally, at tea cupping competitions or from luxury quality tea, hand processing is used.

Tea that has undergone processing from steaming to drying is called “aracha”, and can then be stored in cooled warehouses. Below we have a rough explanation of both the hand rolling process and the machine rolling process. All of the teas offered by Obubu are aracha and have been processed by machine. However, we do offer visitors the chance to hand pick their own leaves and hand roll them at special events through out the harvesting season.

A bit of history

The hand rolling process (and thus the first sencha) was created in 1738 by Sou-en Tagatani (27 March 1681 – 11 June 1778…wow, he lived a long time for the feudal era!!), a tea farmer who lived in the Ujitawara region just north of our own valley Wazuka. Prior to Tagatani’s invention of this rolling process, tea had been processed by steaming or boiling the leaves then drying them by roasting or leaving them out in the sun. The resulting tea leaves turned blackish as opposed to the green sencha we have today.

As the process became more and more automated, tea farmers have lost the need to hand roll their tea. Thus, we created the Temomi Preservation Society to make sure that we never forget our roots.

Hand rolling process for making aracha

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The below translation of the Japanese summary doesn’t do justice to the complexity of movements. For those who read Japanese, the above images, from the personal factory of Mr. Toshikazu Yamashita (one of the most renowned gyokuro temomi masters), offer a more detailed explanation.

Step 1: Steaming (蒸熱 jounetsu)
The leaves are steamed while quickly being stirred then moved to the oven. (You can get different levels of steaming, but Obubu’s teas are steamed only lightly because we want to preserve the natural flavor of the leaf as much as possible.)
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Step 2: Leaf pounding (葉打ち bauchi)
The steamed leaves are put into an oven and spun to dry the surface of the leaves.
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Step 3: Spin rolling (回転揉み kaiten-momi)
On top of a heated table, you make the tea leaves into a ball then roll it by pushing downwards on the leaves so that they “spin” or “roll” on the table. This helps to squeeze out liquid in the leaves.
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Step 4: Ball-breaking/mid-process finishing (玉解き・中上げ tama-toki, chuu-age)
After the spin rolling is finished, you’ll end up with clumps of leaves. You want to separate them and then spread the leaves out on the table
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Step 5: Twist-cut, roll-cut, turn over (撚り切り、揉み切り、でんぐり hineri-kiri, momi-kiri, denguri)
Place the leaves between your hands and apply force. With your fingers begin rolling the leaves so that the become long and round. Roll and let the leaves fall from your hands.
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Step 6: (仕上揉 shiage-momi)
As you push and pull and roll the leaves you begin to smell the aroma coming from the sap.
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Step 7: Drying (乾燥 kansou)
Dry it with low temperature in and oven or heated area. When you push down on the leaves with your finger and they are brittle, you know you are done.

My own roughly filmed video clip of the process (10 minutes, unedited, and we actually spent 2 hours there doing this…)

Once the tea leaves are processed into aracha, they are then sold to wholesalers, brokers and tea manufacturing companies who may undertake a second processing as well as a finishing that includes blending leaves from different farms and fields; sorting the aracha into leaf parts, leaf stems and particles; and finally dividing up the leaf parts into different sizes and cutting them to make them the same size. The blending especially changes the taste of the leaves and is how the tea manufacturers in Japan create different tasting sencha teas.


お茶ができるまで

■お茶ができるまで
おいしいお茶ができるまで

お茶の加工法には、手揉み製茶機械製茶が あります。
機械製茶は、手揉み製茶の工程を、機械で自動化できるように工夫されたものです。
今ではほとんどが機械製茶ですが、品評会に出品するお茶や高級茶などは、手揉みで製茶されることもあります。

「蒸熱」から「乾燥」までの工程を経たお茶を『荒茶』(あら茶)と よび、冷蔵庫で貯蔵することが出来るようになります。
大まかな製茶の工程は下図のようになります。

こうして出来た荒茶を、数種類ブレンドしたり、葉と茎に分けたり、大きさが均一になるように切り分けたり・・・といった 二次加工をして、みなさんの食卓へ届けられるのです。
※僕達がお届けするお茶は、この二次加工をする前の、「荒茶」の状態のものです。
詳細はこちらをご覧ください。→荒茶について

手揉み製茶 (荒茶段階)

手揉み製茶法は、永谷宗円によって考案された青製煎茶製法の流れを組むとされています。
自動化が進むなか、手揉み製法は貴重な伝承技術とされ、「手揉み保存会」などにより技術の保存に努められて います。
(写真は順不同)
手もみ製茶


○蒸熱
蒸気の噴出す「せいろ」で葉に蒸気をあて、臭みがなくなるまですばやくかき混ぜ、焙炉へ移す。


○葉打ち
蒸した葉を焙炉へ入れ、散らしながら表面の水分を乾かす。


○回転揉み
助炭上で茶葉を痛めないようにしながら茶葉の塊をつくり、揉み転がし、水分を出す。


○玉解き・中上げ
回転揉みの終わり頃に茶塊をほどき、焙炉上に茶を広げる。


○撚り切り 揉み切り、でんぐり
葉を掌でハサミながら力をいれ、両手の指を巧みに動かし茶葉が丸くのび、つやが出てくるように揉み落とす。


○仕上揉
茶葉を整えつつ、つやと香味を出す、押し引きして茶葉を回転させる。


○乾燥
低温焙炉に移し、指先で押せば砕ける程度まで手で混ぜながら乾かす。


機械製茶(荒茶段階)

明治時代後期に手揉みの工程をモデルとして自動化が図られ、製茶機による製茶法はまたたく間に広がり、 大幅な能率の向上がありました。しかし、その反面、細やかな心配りが出来ないため、 上茶には、現在も手揉み法を用いられています。
(写真は順不同)
機械製茶


○蒸熱
蒸機とボイラを接続し、金属ネットの回転で蒸熱程度を調整する。蒸気を当てることにより、茶葉は柔軟になり、酸化を防いで、線色を保ち、味と香りの大枠を 決定づけ、臭みが除去される。


○粗揉(そじゅう)
熱風を送りながら、茶葉を圧迫し、均一になるように伸ばしながら乾かし、揉みながら形をつけていく。茶葉の水分が3分の1程度になるまで乾かす。


○揉捻(じゅうねん)
茶葉に上から加圧し、円形運動をさせて水分を均一化させる。


○中揉(ちゅうじゅう)
茶葉を加熱し、乾かしながら揉んでいく。均一に水分を除き、茶葉に「より」をかけて細かくしていく。


○精揉(せいじゅう)
加熱された盤の上で、茶葉を往復運動させ、含水率を13%前後にし、形を整え、茶葉を細くする。


○乾燥
乾燥機を使い、80〜90度の熱風で水分含有量が4,5%になるまで乾かす。
こうして出来たものが荒茶と呼ばれる。


サイトコンテンツ協力:ほっ こりサークル(和束町商工会)
http://hokkori.kyoto-fsci.or.jp/
 

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